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Glossary of Common Painting TermsACRYLIC: A synthetic resin used in high-performance water-based coatings. A coating in which the binder contains acrylic resins. ACRYLIC LATEX PAINT: Water-thinned paint in which only acrylic resin is used as the binder medium. 100% Acrylic Latexes have superior adhesion, long-term flexibility, breathability, alkali resistance, toughness, and color and sheen retention. ADHESION: The ability of dry paint to remain on the surface without blistering, flaking or cracking. Adhesion is probably the single most important property of paint. Wet adhesion, the ability of dry paint to adhere to the surface in spite of wet conditions, is particularly important for exterior house paints. ALKYDS: Resins used mostly in trim paints, inside and out, although some medium duty equipment and marine enamels employ these resins as binders. ALLIGATORING: Cracked paint surface caused by applying a hard paint film over a soft paint film. BLISTERING: The formation of bubbles or bumps on the painted surface caused by:
BLUSHING: Cloudiness in lacquer caused by moisture that occurs when the solvent evaporates too rapidly. BRISTLE: The working part of a brush containing natural bristle (usually hog hair) or artificial bristle (nylon or polyester). BRISTLE BRUSH: Refers to paintbrush fibers that are natural in their origin, like hog bristle. Suited to oil-based paints but not suggested for latex paints. BRUSH MARKS: Marks of brush that remain in the dried paint film. BUBBLES: Air bubbles in a drying paint film caused by excessive brushing during application or by over vigorous mixing that results in air entrapment. CHALKING: Formation of a friable powder on the surface of a paint film caused by the disintegration of the binding medium due to weathering. COATING: A general term referring to any type of paint, stain, etc. CRACKING: The type of paint failure characterized by breaks in irregular lines wide enough to expose the underlying surface.
DRAG: Describes a material that is difficult to apply by brushing. DURABILITY: The degree to which paint withstands the destructive effects of the environment to which it is exposed, especially harsh weather conditions. Durability prevents the coating from degradation and its decorative properties allow the paint to retain its attractive appearance. EGGSHELL FINISH: The degree of gloss between a flat and semi-gloss finish. The sheen closely resembles the luster of an eggshell. ENAMEL: Topcoat which is characterized by its ability to form a smooth surface; originally associated with a high gloss, but may also include lower degrees of gloss, i.e., flat enamels. EPOXY: Clear finish having excellent adhesion qualities; extremely abrasion and chemical resistant. Epoxies are alcohol proof and very water resistant. EROSION: The wearing away of a paint film caused by exposure to the weather. ETCH: Surface preparation by chemical means to improve the adhesion of coatings. FEATHER: A technique of brushing paint to smooth edges and blend with previously painted surfaces. FERRULE: The metal band which connects the handle and stock of a paintbrush.
FLAT: A painted surface that scatters or absorbs the light falling on it, so as to be substantially free from gloss or sheen. FLEXIBILITY: Ability of a coating to expand and contract during temperature changes. GLOSS: The apparent shininess of the paint after drying. The higher the gloss the more glass-like the paint appears. The luster or shininess of paints and coatings are generally classified as flat, semi-gloss, or gloss; the latter has the highest reflecting ability. LACQUER: A fast-drying clear or pigmented coating that dries by solvent evaporation. LAP: To lay or place one coat so its edge extends over and covers the edge of a previous coat, causing an increased film thickness. (2) Point where a newly painted area joins a previously painted area. LATEX PAINT: Water-thinned paint made with synthetic binders such as polyvinyl acetate or acrylic resins. In contrast to oil-based paint, latex paint dries fast, flows smoothly, and cleans up easily with water. High-performance latex paints contain 100% acrylic resins. LEVELING: The ability of a coating to form a smooth film without brush marks appearing. Higher quality latex paint has superior leveling ability. LIFT: Ability of the bristles or filament to hold paint. LINSEED OIL: A drying oil used in paint, varnish, and lacquer. MASKING TAPE: A strip of paper or cloth similar to adhesive tape, which can be easily removed, used to temporarily cover areas that are not to be painted. MATERIAL DATA SAFETY SHEET (MSDS): Information sheet that lists any hazardous substance that comprises one percent or more of the product's total volume. Also lists procedures to follow in the event of fire, explosion, leak or exposure to hazardous substance by inhalation, ingestion or contact with skin or eyes. Coatings manufacturers are required to provide retailers with an MSDS for every product they sell to the retailer. Sales clerks should make MSDSs available to retail customers. NAP: The lengths of fibers in a paint roller cover. OIL STAINS: There are two types of oil stains, penetrating and nonpenetrating. Penetrating oil stains contain dyes and resins that penetrate the surface; nonpenetrating oil stains contain larger amounts of pigments and are usually opaque or translucent. OPACITY: Ability of paint to hide the previous surface or color. ORANGE PEEL: A texture seen in dried paint film that is not unlike that seen in an orange's peel. Usually occurs as a result of rolling paint when it has partially dried or using too high a pile in the roller. PAINT: A coating including resin, a solvent, additives, pigments and, in some products, a diluent. Paints are generally opaque, and commonly represent the portion of the industry known as "architectural coatings." PAINT REMOVER: A chemical that softens old paint or varnish and permits it to be easily scraped off. Also called "stripper." PIGMENTS: Paint ingredients that are used mainly to provide color and opacity. PILE: Refers to the length or height of the material on a paint roller sleeve. High pile rollers have longer fibers holding more paint and can create some texture in the paint finish. POLYURETHANE: Wide range of coatings, ranging from hard glossy enamels to soft flexible coatings. Good to very good adhesion, hardness, flexibility, and resistance. Surface preparation critical. POROSITY: The rate of absorbency of a surface. Unpainted drywall is considered to have a high porosity because it has a tendency to heavily absorb paint. ROLLER: A paint application tool having a revolving cylinder covered with lambswool, fabric, foamed plastic, or other material. SAG: Excessive flow that causes runs in paint during application. The cause is usually a result of applying too much paint or thinning the paint too much. SATIN FINISH: See Semi-gloss. SCRUBBABILITY: The ability of a paint film to withstand scrubbing and cleaning with water, soap and other household cleaning agents without apparent degradation. SEALER: A thin liquid applied to seal a surface, to prevent previous paint from bleeding through from the surface, or to prevent undue absorption of the topcoat into the substrate. SEMI-GLOSS: Having a luster between full-gloss and flat. SEMI-TRANSPARENT: A degree of hiding greater than transparent but less than opaque. SHEEN: The degree of luster of a dried paint film. SHINER: A spot that is glossier than the surrounding areas. TACK CLOTH: A piece of cheesecloth saturated with a tacky varnish. Used for wiping up dust and other loose particles. TEXTURE PAINT: Paint that can be manipulated by brush, roller, trowel or other tool to produce various effects. THINNER: The thinner and binder together form the paint's vehicle. Water, the thinner used in latex paints, evaporates as the paint dries, allowing a smooth paint application. Turpentine or spirits are the thinners in oil-based paints.
TOUCH UP: A spot repair of the painting surface (usually within a few months of initial painting) without showing color or gloss differences. TURPENTINE: A colorless liquid, which is used as a thinner for oil paints and varnishes, distilled from the products of the pine tree. UNDERCOAT: A primer or intermediate coating before the finish coating. VARNISH STAIN: Varnishes colored with a dye and without the same power of penetrations as the true stains, leaving a colored coating on the surface. VARNISH: Transparent liquid that dries on exposure to air to give a decorative and protective coating when applied as a thin film. VEHICLE: The liquid portion of paint. VOC (Volatile Organic Content): Any carbon compound that evaporates under standard test conditions. Essentially, all paint solvents except water are VOCs. Federal and state governments are beginning to limit the amount of volatile organics found in paint because of concerns about possible environmental and health effects. WET EDGE: The edge of a wet painted area which remains workable. |
CUTTING IN: Careful painting along a borderline such as a wall where it meets the ceiling or at the edge of woodwork where it meets the wall. Purdy trim brushes are known for their superior "cutting in" ability, which means you don’t need to tape the trim or the wall to protect it. 
FLAGGING: (See tipping as well.) Synthetic filaments have the ends mechanically split to create a featured appearance which provide superior paint performance. Purdy’s proprietary process is called Satin-Edge and is as close to natural flagging as possible. |
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